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The US Dollar (DXY) is set to rise in the short term contrary to the consensus view, before eventually losing purchasing power over the long run.

• Historical patterns: Under Trump, the dollar tends to repeat its first-term behaviour – a spike early in the term, a sell-off, and then a grind higher toward the midterm year.
• Rate hikes ahead: The Fed may have to raise rates again because inflation (especially energy) is not yet under control.
• 2-Year yield correlation: The dollar often follows the 2-year Treasury yield, which has recently bounced more strongly.
• Global rate movements: Other central banks (Europe, Japan, New Zealand, Australia) have already started hiking – a sign the US may follow.

• A stronger dollar creates headwinds for Bitcoin and equities.
• An expected move to 105–106 could trigger a final correction this year.

The dollar has short-term upside despite long-term erosion. The market may be surprised by a rate hike and a subsequent dollar rally.

Summary follows...

This video demonstrates how to use your standard espresso machine (e.g., Gaggia Classic, De'Longhi, Breville) to make a variety of coffee drinks. From classic espresso to a filter coffee substitute, here are the six methods:

1. Normale – The Classic

• Ratio: 1:2 (coffee to water)
• Extraction Time: 25–30 seconds
• Grind Size: Medium (e.g., setting 1)
• TDS (Concentration): 9–12% – balanced, ideal for dark roasts.
• Taste: Perfect balance, good body.

2. Ristretto – Shorter and More Intense

• Ratio: 1:1 to 1:1.5
• Extraction: Same grind size, but stopped earlier.
• TDS: 12–15% → very concentrated.
• Taste: Syrupy, sweet-sour, long-lasting mouthfeel.
• Note: For light roasts, a powerful grinder is needed.

3. Lungo – Longer and Milder

• Ratio: 1:3 to 1:4
• Extraction Time: Longer than normale (same grind size).
• TDS: ~7% → much more diluted.
• Taste: Smoother, less intense, but risk of astringency (dry mouthfeel).
• Tip: Better to make a Ristretto + hot water than to extract directly longer.

4. Allongé – French for 'long' (modern version)

• Ratio: 1:5 to 1:6
• Extraction Time: 30–40 seconds
• Grind Size: Significantly coarser (e.g., setting 1.3).
• Pressure: Peaks at 8 bar, then drops.
• TDS: 3.5–5.5% → between filter coffee and espresso.
• Taste: Fruity, bright, little bitterness. Recommended for light roasts at lower temperatures (~85°C).

5. Turbo Shot – The Quick Treat

• Ratio: 1:3
• Extraction Time: 7–15 seconds (!)
• Grind Size: Even coarser (e.g., setting 1.5).
• Pressure: Reaches only ~5–6 bar – no special setup required.
• TDS: ~6.6%.
• Taste: Extremely fruity and aromatic, high acid presentation, but not sour. Gentle on the grinder due to coarser grind.
• Note: Don't be fooled by splatters – it's normal!

6. Sprover / Café Crème – The Filter Coffee Replacement

• Ratio: 1:8 to 1:12 (here 1:11)
• Extraction Time: Fast due to very coarse grind.
• Grind Size: Significantly coarser than all others (e.g., setting 2.5).
• TDS: 1.5–2.5% – very thin, almost like filter coffee.
• Taste: Watery, but surprisingly low in astringency. Foam resembles moka pot foam.
• Tip: Use lower temperature (80–85°C) and/or a paper filter in the portafilter for more clarity.

Concentration (TDS) and extraction level heavily depend on grind size, temperature, and ratio. The YouTuber personally favors the Turbo Shot for its freshness and fruitiness. But whether you prefer Normale, Ristretto, or Sprover – the most important thing is that you enjoy it!

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