Welcome to Nofinity

Introduction

• This video examines the worst-case scenarios for your MSCI World ETF, showing that in most historical cases, investors' money was not permanently lost.

1. Insolvency of the ETF Provider (Issuer)

• Segregated assets (Sondervermögen): The fund's assets are kept separate from the issuer's. In case of bankruptcy, your money remains protected.
• Example Lehman Brothers: The fund management company was sold; investors lost nothing. Losses occurred only with certificates (debt securities).
• Important: In Europe, ETFs are legally segregated assets, but ETNs are not.

2. Broker Bankruptcy

• Ownership: Your securities belong to you; the broker only manages them. In a bankruptcy, you can transfer them to another broker.
• Examples:
  • Bowfor Securities (UK): Chaotic insolvency, but almost all positions were recovered.
  • Phoenix Kapitaldienst (DE): Fraud (Ponzi scheme). Investors received 90% of their claim (max. €20,000) from the compensation fund plus 36% from the bankruptcy estate – but only after 10 years.
• Misconception: The €100,000 deposit protection applies only to current accounts. For securities, reduced protection (90% up to €20,000) applies only in cases of fraud.

3. Closure or Merger of ETFs

• No capital loss, but a taxable event: Gains are taxed prematurely, reducing overall returns.
• Example: Amundi closed several ETFs after acquiring Lyxor.
• You cannot prevent this, but such events are rare.

4. Market Risk (Price Fluctuations)

• Historical Worst Cases:
  • Lisa (fictional): Invested €50,000 in 2000 → after the dot-com crash and financial crisis, she faced -58 % over 10 years. Mistake: investing money needed for a short-term goal (real estate).
  • Germany 1913–1948: Drawdown of -70 % (wars, hyperinflation, currency reform). Additionally, many investors lost their assets because paper stock certificates were destroyed or ownership was unprovable.
  • Japan 1989–present: Three lost decades with a maximum loss of -60 %. Recovery took over 30 years.
• Lesson: Only invest money you can afford to leave untouched for 10–15 years. Global diversification helps (e.g., US stocks performed better during Germany's crisis).

5. Protection Through Savings Plans (Dollar-Cost Averaging)

• In prolonged crises (Japan, dot-com crash), a savings plan can yield positive returns by buying at low prices.
• Calculations:
  • Lump sum of €50,000 in Japan after 30 years: 0 % return.
  • Same amount via a savings plan over time: 4 % annual return.
  • Lisa would have achieved a 6 % annual return with a savings plan instead of a loss.
• Caution: Long-term, a lump sum investment is usually better because markets tend to rise. The examples above are exceptions.

Conclusion

• Worst-case scenarios are possible but rare.
• Protective measures: Ensure segregated assets, keep deposit documents safe, invest for the long term, use a savings plan.
• Additional resource: Video analyzing lump sum vs. savings plan.